Remove the giblets. Do not rinse the chicken. Pat it very dry inside and out with paper towels.
Season the chicken all over with the salt. Set it breast-side up on a rack over a pan and refrigerate uncovered for at least 1 hour or up to 24 hours.
Heat the oven to 425°F. Rub the chicken with olive oil and black pepper. Place the lemon, onion, garlic, and herbs loosely in the cavity. Tuck the wing tips and tie the legs loosely if desired.
Roast for 20 minutes, then reduce the oven to 375°F. Continue roasting for 50 to 65 minutes, beginning temperature checks early.
Check the thickest breast and innermost thigh with an instant-read thermometer without touching bone. Continue roasting until both locations reach at least 165°F.
Transfer to a clean carving board and rest for 15 minutes before carving. Discard the cavity aromatics and serve with strained pan juices if desired.